Scientists at Texas A&M AgriLife Research have developed an innovative approach using spinach-derived antimicrobial peptides, known as defensins, to combat two significant agricultural diseases: citrus greening and potato zebra chip disease. This pioneering research is led by Kranthi Mandadi, a plant molecular biologist and professor in the Texas A&M Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology. It promises results that can go a long way to helping the agricultural community do so.
The research just published in the Plant Biotechnology Journal presents some very encouraging findings. These spinach defensins increase plants’ resistance to the pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’, which causes citrus greening disease. This disease is a serious danger to our nation’s citrus crops, affecting both production and the quality of fruit. Potato zebra chip disease shows up as dark stripes on potatoes, particularly when fried. This ravaging plant affliction has caused millions of dollars in ongoing damages to America’s potato farmers.
Research Methodology
To do that, the scientists utilized a non-harmful virus developed by University of Florida scientists. They even used it to administer spinach antimicrobial peptides directly to commercial citrus trees. This breakthrough delivery approach allows more precise targeting of hard-to-reach areas. This is done to maximize the effect of the peptides on the pathogens causing these diseases. Over several years, the team monitored the response of citrus trees infected with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ to the treatment with specific spinach antimicrobial peptides.
The results were promising. The research group documented a monumental 50% increase of fruit production. This increase in growth had taken place after only one spraying of the defensins on the trees, relative to untreated controls. This very significant increase is tremendously encouraging. Spinach-derived peptides may soon become an invaluable tool for farmers to use, aiding them in the battle against economically debilitating diseases.
Safety and Commercial Applications
In 2021, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determined that spinach defensins posed no safety concerns for dietary exposure. They found it to be safe for the full U.S. population, including infants and children. This safety assurance clears the way for prospective commercial uses of this game changing technology. Southern Gardens Citrus has already garnered patent protection for the defensins technology. This groundbreaking advancement, which has emerged from AgriLife Research at The Texas A&M University System,
In January 2024, Silvec submitted an application to the EPA to approve commercial use of spinach antimicrobial peptides. If successful, this biotech innovation could change the way farmers prevent and treat crop diseases while protecting the sustainability of the farm economy.
Commitment to Agricultural Innovation
Amir Ibrahim, the associate director and chief scientific officer of AgriLife Research, emphasized the importance of this research. It helps farmers by providing a market for their crops and fueling farm incomes. He continued, noted that this body of work exemplifies deep dedication to scientific discovery. Its aim is to provide innovative, tangible solutions to the everyday problems that ag producers face.
Spinach defensins immediately address crop disease critical needs. They complement and advance larger national efforts to draw more support for the sustainable agriculture community. To combat this challenge, researchers are using natural plant defenses to create more effective, environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. Such an approach creates a more resilient ecosystem and provides greater food security.