A groundbreaking study published in the journal Geoarchaeology highlights the significant archaeological findings at the Klein Hoek 1 (KH1) site in South Africa. Oliver Hatswell, a Ph.D. candidate at Flinders University, is the lead on this interesting study. He combines traditional archaeological excavation with the latest imaging technologies to build a detailed map of the subsurface of this historically rich site. KH1 lies in the Doring River catchment and has turned into an important place to learn about the early conduct of modern humans. So far, archaeologists have found a staggering 6,747 artifacts at this site.
The research team utilized two geophysical methods—electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and magnetometry—to gain insights into the subsurface structures of KH1. Hatswell precisely measured a geophysical cable using satellite GPS technology. This level of precision allowed the team to produce a more detailed, accurate map of the entire area. This inclusive and innovative approach departs from entrenched practices in archaeology. Rather than primarily addressing caves and rock shelters in southern Africa, it opens up new avenues of thought.
The Significance of Klein Hoek 1
Klein Hoek 1 is already exceptional as an archaeological site. Its geography in southern Africa positions it as one of the earliest regions humans behave like we do today settled. Archaeologists made an incredible range of discoveries during this project — at KH1, they found a stunning concentration of more than 180 stone tools. These tools, attributed to the Still Bay cultural group, are about 70,000–75,000 years old. These findings offer important new context for how we evolved as humans and culturally adapted during a transformational time in the history of our species.
For decades now, archaeological excavations in this region have focused primarily on closed contexts such as caves, largely ignoring huge open-air sites. Hatswell’s work aims to change that narrative by demonstrating the value of employing modern imaging technologies to explore these expansive areas. The state-of-the-art methods described in this study pave the way to find thrilling new clues about ancient human life. Without these techniques, most of these mysteries may have remained buried.
Innovative Imaging Technologies
Hatswell and his research team have used some of the most advanced imaging technologies, employing lasers and drones, to dramatically advance their archaeological explorations. Together, ERT and magnetometry provide an incredible look into subsurface features without ever breaking ground. This non-intrusive and destructive approach creates an immersive experience while speeding the research process along.
This use case is an exciting example of the potential for these advanced, disruptive methods to transform how archaeology is practiced. By imaging subsurface layers, researchers such as Hatswell can locate areas of archaeological interest in areas they studied without having to excavate them. This new capability opens up a wealth of new archaeological exploration opportunities. We can finally start to explore areas that were previously thought too hard because of logistical hurdles.
The study’s publication marks a significant milestone in archaeological research, demonstrating how modern technology can unlock new narratives from ancient human history. Additional studies will be enormously influential. Or they could point the future forward to outdoor destinations that are woefully underfunded and long neglected.
Future Implications
The doctoral research carried out by Hatswell and his team is set to have a major impact on future archaeological exploration. In fact, they are already busily processing results from KH1. Many more such discoveries are likely to foreshadow, illuminating the lives and experiences of early humans in southern Africa.
Furthermore, the chose of technology illustrates the need for integrating technology into the practice of archaeology. As researchers face challenges posed by climate change and urbanization, innovative imaging techniques will be critical in preserving historical sites and artifacts.