A recent finding from the late Pleistocene epoch in northern Vietnam has given us some of the most stunning insights into violence in this time period. Scientists recovered the almost pristine skeleton, known as TBH1, from the Thung Binh 1 cave in 2018. This amazing discovery is estimated to be around 12,000 years old. Killed in action, this ancient warrior died just past 35 years of age. Whatever the cause of his death, his life provides a remarkable window into the daily struggles of modern human ancestors in Southeast Asia.
The most serious injuries follow the pattern of TBH1’s injuries and may reflect irrefutable evidence of a culture rooted in interpersonal conflict, researchers say. The skeleton shows signs of a broken rib, as well as signs of a pulverized skull and a slight ankle fracture. Together, these discoveries suggest that, just like you and me, TBH1 experienced violence across his lifespan. This provides a stunning perspective of the trials that early humans had to face.
Discovery of TBH1
TBH1’s excavation was part of an archaeological effort to understand the region’s history and human activity. Recovered from the Thung Binh 1 cave, the skeleton is remarkable not only for its age, but for its exceptional preservation. It has 25 pairs of ribs—one more than the average human body, which often has 24. This anomaly, a supernumerary rib, is present in only 0.2% to 1% of the general population.
The excavation team noted that TBH1 is one of the most complete skeletons found from this period in Southeast Asia. Researchers have praised its importance to study of human health and relations in ancient societies. Its well-preserved state enables a detailed analysis of TBH1’s physical condition and possible lifestyle.
Insights into Violence
TBH1’s injuries are a haunting illustration of the perils that people in prehistoric Vietnam encountered. The fractured rib is especially interesting because it implies he was participating in some sort of violent confrontation. Furthermore, the skull injury suggests extreme trauma consistent with a blunt-force impact or application of a deadly weapon.
“The trauma and subsequent infection are the likely cause of death and, to our knowledge, the earliest indication of interpersonal conflict from mainland Southeast Asia.” – Christopher M. Stimpson
Looking at it through this lens uncovers an exhilarating opportunity. These communities were fighting against harsh environmental conditions to stay alive, they were fighting against elements among their own community. The recent discovery of an ancient arrowhead featuring a quartz point provides added support for this theory. Instead, it indicates that violence would have been an ordinary part of life in this age.
Health and Lifestyle
So despite the extensive injuries that he suffered, TBH1 seemed to have lived a pretty healthy life. His synthesis bone reveals an interesting pattern with deep muscle markers – suggesting he had very large muscle mass, implying he had a highly athletic lifestyle. This runs against popular narratives of ancient peoples as merely the victims of an inhospitable environment.
Researchers can obtain important information regarding TBH1’s diet by studying the isotopes in his bones. This analysis provides a glimpse into the depth of his nutritional quality and standard of living. This groundbreaking new study has uncovered many surprising aspects of this ancient person’s life. It brings into clearer focus the greater picture of the human evolutionary saga in Southeast Asia.