As wolves return across much of Central Europe, farmers in Bavaria have a difficult task ahead to protect their livestock. A new study led by Dr. Friederike Riesch at Göttingen University’s Institute of Grassland Science has unveiled an effective strategy: wolf-repelling fences. These custom-made electric fencing systems protect sheep pastures and allow both wolves and dogs to roam free. They support a smooth symbiosis between livestock farming and wildlife.
The study, published in the journal People and Nature, highlights the importance of innovative solutions in managing the return of wolves to areas where they had previously been extinct. In 2022, Dr. Riesch and the research team fielded an online survey. To better understand the perceptions of farmers and consumers regarding the effectiveness of wolf-repelling fences, they collected insights from 353 farmers in Bavaria.
The Design and Functionality of Wolf-Repelling Fences
The wolf-repelling fence features five formidable strands of electric wire. These woven wires, functioning together as an invisible mesh, create an effective deterrent to hold wolves at bay. This approach works well to keep wolves out. In addition, it protects livestock tethered to roving dogs which might be more dangerous.
Unlike barge barriers that were installed after large floating debris became a problem, these fences are a proactive measure. They are a testament to our learning agriculture and wildlife conservation can coexist. As wolves return, farmers need to change how they raise their animals to keep their herds protected.
“This means it is most important that farmers learn about examples of successful grazing in areas shared with wolves, and exchange knowledge and experiences with each other,” – Dr. Friederike Riesch
The Bavarian state government has recognised that livestock protection must be proactive. They are currently funding installation of electric wolf-repelling fences. Dr. Malte Möck, from the Agricultural and Food Policy Group at HU, describes the currently crucial role of subsidies. He says that these financial incentives are key for encouraging farmers to implement protective measures.
Financial Support and Policy Recommendations
These financial incentives are essential for producers to develop the safest environment for their livestock. They tend to favor the natural, self-directed reintroduction of wolves, too.
“The results show that subsidies encourage farmers to take measures to protect their livestock. This means that it is advisable to extend the promotion of electric wolf‐repelling fences to the whole of Bavaria,” – Dr. Malte Möck
This study used the “Theory of Planned Behavior” to predict farmers’ intentions to adopt wolf-repelling fences. It assessed three key factors influencing their decisions: attitudes towards the fences, subjective norms from their community, and perceived control over implementing such measures.
Insights from the Study on Farmers’ Intentions
On the ground, producers had to answer the questions, among others, “Is this worth it?” Equally impactful was their question of, “What are other people’s opinions on this?” and “Can I do this?” These questions emphasize the multifaceted dynamics at play when attempting to shift or scale new agricultural practices and technologies.
Our study identifies critical concerns impacting our farmers. It sheds important light on how they could be better supported to protect their livestock while coexisting with wildlife that is returning.
By addressing these factors, the study provides valuable insights into how farmers can be better supported in their efforts to protect livestock while coexisting with returning wildlife.