Now, a group of researchers, headed by Professor Jongwon Lee from the Department of Electrical Engineering at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), has made a groundbreaking discovery. They created a revolutionary nanoscale optical device capable of independently controlling light intensity and phase with an electric field. This breakthrough technology was recently developed and published in the journal Science Advances. Beyond fundamental science, the discovery has major implications for future quantum communication and information processing.
This incredibly compact device is roughly one ten-thousandth the size of a fingernail. It can deftly control both the phase and magnitudes of second-harmonic (SH) light. Its small physical footprint means that it can take the place of larger optical materials. This integrated innovation results in the development of lightweight, energy-saving optical systems. The research shows how this tiny device has the potential to dramatically improve the performance of today’s optical technologies.
High-Speed Optical Control
This advanced nanoscale optical device allows unprecedented high-speed and high-precision control over light using only electrical signals. With the right optics, you can modulate the amplitude and phase of the SH light completely. This form of modulation is effective over a range of 0 to 30 nm/V. This historically high degree of control opens up new avenues of investigation for researchers. Now, these scientists can shape the complex amplitude of light with unprecedented accuracy.
The device features a photonic design with sparse nanostructures. These collective structures include quantum wells and metal nanocavities, which are set up in pairs with a 180-degree phase delay. This unique setup allows for ~100% modulation depth of the SH signal intensity. It provides new ways to control light dynamically with consideration to both the spatial and temporal domains. You can easily tune the phase of SH light across a full 0-to-360-degree range. This unique feature provides for independent control of phase and intensity.
Implications for Quantum Technologies
The breakthrough realization of such a nanoscale optical device ushers in exciting new directions for more sophisticated quantum communication and information processing technologies. Here, researchers now have full electrical control over the complex amplitude of light. This breakthrough will improve wide ranging applications, including communication systems with superior security and next generation quantum computing infrastructures.
The ability to independently modulate light intensity and phase could lead to improvements in data transfer rates and security protocols. Quantum technologies are moving quickly. This device represents a promising breakthrough, allowing the development of more powerful and versatile optical systems that will be capable of addressing the requirements of upcoming applications.
Future Prospects
The diligent research team continues to seek out ways their innovative device can be applied. They’re especially laser-focused on how it can be of use and fit into what’s already out there. This study provides a wealth of takeaways. These discoveries will be key in designing next-generation optical devices that are smaller and more powerful than those that came before.