Researchers at Duke University recently published an innovative study. To demonstrate the potential of IGIST, they unveiled a cutting-edge imaging system that drastically boosts the potency of gold nanoparticle therapies to attack and destroy cancerous tumors. University of Oklahoma’s Tri Vu, a research assistant professor, and Duke University’s Aidan Canning, a Ph.D. student working with Tuan Vo-Dinh have made an amazing breakthrough. In their study, they created an advanced photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system to precisely detect and image gold nanostars within targeted tumors. The study, which appeared in the journal Science Advances, shows how the technology could transform established cancer treatment protocols.
Vu’s PACT system transforms biomedical imaging, using photoacoustic tomography. By emitting short laser pulses that induce lightning-fast ultrasonic waves within tissues, it produces incredibly detailed images of internal structures. This development allows researchers to visualize the distribution of gold nanostars within tumors. They may begin to monitor their biodistribution in non-target tissues across different animal models. To address bladder cancer, the study got mice—the most common animal model used in research—treated with this method an impressive 100% survival rate. Most importantly, researchers observed no treatment-related toxicity or injury to adjacent tissues.
The Development of Photoacoustic Computed Tomography
Tri Vu’s journey into the realm of advanced imaging began during his time as a Ph.D. student in Junjie Yao’s lab at Duke University, where he delved into photoacoustic tomography. He was able to achieve this breakthrough through his novel concept of a full-ring array for small animal imaging. He dubbed this approach photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT).
Vu characterizes the floating magnet system as a “tiny MRI machine.” Unlike ultrasound, it works in reverse by imaging deep tissue in a 360-degree view of an animal’s body. PACT system for visualizing the accumulation of gold nanostars in tumorous tissue. Here, this visualization gives us important clues as to their therapeutic effectiveness.
“It looks like a miniature MRI machine,” – Tri Vu
By taking advantage of this promising technology, the team was able to safely evaluate the course of photothermal treatment in real-time. Working with the newer iteration of Canning’s gold nanostars, in these unmatched conditions, they did something amazing.
Collaborative Efforts Yield Promising Results
With their unique skills combined, the partnership between Vu and Canning was key to the success of this research. Although Canning had not previously considered commercializing his work, understanding the potential of Vu’s technology coupled with his work on gold nanostars proved transformative. Together, their work yielded essential discoveries. These results underscored the effectiveness of their system in a preclinical mouse model for bladder cancer.
Canning noted the limitations of previous methods. “When we wanted to take a temperature measurement, we needed to use an invasive thermal probe, which wasn’t much more sophisticated than a regular cooking thermometer.” He noted that conventional optical probes can absorb laser light, distorting measurements from deep, thick tissues.
“The integration of these technologies was a significant step towards addressing field-wide challenges and pursuing more personalized treatment,” – Aidan Canning
The duo’s research demonstrated that the amalgamation of Vu’s imaging capabilities and Canning’s nanostars could transform photothermal therapies, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
Future Implications for Cancer Therapy
This study has wide-ranging implications for treating bladder cancer patients. It opens the door to developing novel methodologies for photothermal therapies using image-guidance as a means for experimentation and optimization. As highlighted by Vu, “This work opens up a lot of opportunities to explore new ways to advance and improve photothermal therapies using photoacoustic imaging.”
Reflecting on the project, both researchers were thankful for the collaborative spirit encouraged by their home labs and Duke Biomedical Engineering (BME). Together, their combined initiatives are a testament to the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in driving innovative advancements in medical technologies.
“Aidan and I are both grateful that our labs and Duke BME helped foster an environment where that collaboration was possible,” – Tri Vu
As follow-up studies continue, this sophisticated imaging system could become the new gold standard for any nanoparticle-based cancer therapy. Our researchers expect continuous research and development will further improve these technologies. Accordingly, their critical role in enhancing treatment efficacy across several cancer types cannot be understated.