Ramysyllis kingghidorahi, an equally awesome species of branching marine worm that live inside the protective covers of sea sponges. This little-known organism, which is less than 1.5 millimeters, looks like a tiny jelly-rubber duck. It highlights an unusual reproductive strategy that sets it apart from most other marine invertebrates. Its body is made up of one head and many tails, which enables it to control reproduction throughout its tree-like body.
Göttingen University and Autonomous University of Madrid scientists recently took an in-depth look at Ramisyllis kingghidorahi. They zeroed in on the species’ special genetic toolkit, which gives rise to its stunning reproductive diversity. This study revealed that the worm possesses a full genetic activity blueprint, known as a transcriptome. It’s the first time that scientists have done such a thorough mapping of these species.
If that wasn’t fascinating enough, one of the other coolest things about Ramisyllis kingghidorahi is its ability to create independent, reproductive-bodied organisms known as stolons. Before breaking off from the collective and seeking their own potential partner, these stolons can grow small eyes. This unique method allows the worm to effectively control reproduction throughout its branching body, adapting to its surroundings and optimizing its chances of successful mating.
Additionally, Chai et al.’s study revealed that genes associated with eye development are induced at the start of the stolonization process. Dr. Guillermo Ponz-Segrelles commented on this finding, stating, “We were surprised to find that the head of the worm, which was previously thought to house a sex-specific control system, didn’t show the dramatic differences we expected between males and females.” This finding hints at a reproductive strategy that is more complicated than originally thought.
Researchers also observed that Ramisyllis kingghidorahi likely experienced whole-genome duplication. This modification reveals the numerous intricacies of biology and reproductive system of marine worm. Rather, it underscores all the ways this species is special compared to its counterparts.
Thilo Schulze, a leading researcher on the project, remarked on the worm’s astonishing features: “This worm and its surreal, tree-like body made headlines around the world in 2021 and 2022, yet it continues to amaze us.” Scientists are now searching for the genetic underpinnings of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi. Their ultimate goal is to extract some of its special reproductive strategies and biological adaptations.